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Library / Literature & Fiction

Essays and Lectures

by Oscar Wilde

Pages
about 189
Category
Literature & Fiction
Language
English
Reading time
3.5 h at 250 wpm
Start readingThe whole book, as cards or one word at a time. 1.9 h at 450 wpm in Read mode.

From the opening

Transcribed from the 1913 Methuen and Co edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org

First Published in Book Form (Limited Edition on 1908 Handmade Paper and Japanese Vellum) Second Edition (F’cap. 8vo) 1909 Third Edition ( ,, ,, ) 1911 Fourth Edition ( ,, ,, ) 1913

This Essay was written for the Chancellor’s English Essay Prize at Oxford in 1879, the subject being ‘Historical Criticism among the Ancients.’ The prize was not awarded. To Professor J. W. Mackail thanks are due for revising the proofs.

HISTORICAL criticism nowhere occurs as an isolated fact in the civilisation or literature of any people. It is part of that complex working towards freedom which may be described as the revolt against authority. It is merely one facet of that speculative spirit of an innovation, which in the sphere of action produces democracy and revolution, and in that of thought is the parent of philosophy and physical science; and its importance as a factor of progress is based not so much on the results it attains, as on the tone of thought which it represents, and the method by which it works.

Being thus the resultant of forces essentially revolutionary, it is not to be found in the ancient world among the material despotisms of Asia or the stationary civilisation of Egypt. The clay cylinders of Assyria and Babylon, the hieroglyphics of the pyramids, form not history but the material for history.

The Chinese annals, ascending as they do to the barbarous forest life of the nation, are marked with a soberness of judgment, a freedom from invention, which is almost unparalleled in the writings of any people; but the protective spirit which is the characteristic of that people proved as fatal to their literature as to their commerce. Free criticism is as unknown as free trade. While as regards the Hindus, their acute, analytical and logical mind is directed rather to grammar, criticism and philosophy than to history or chronology.

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